![]() See also Translean toolkit and Lean Audit.ĥ Laws of Lean Six Sigma: (1) Law of the Market: Critical To Customer CTC requirements define quality and are the highest priority for improvement, followed by Return On Invested Capital ROIC and Net Present Value NPV (2) Law of Flexibility: velocity is proportional to the flexibility of the process (3) Law of Focus: according to the Pareto Principle, 20% activities cause 80% of delays and defects (4) Law of Velocity or Little’s Law: velocity is inversely proportional to amount of Work In Process WIP. ![]() See also Lean6 toolkit.ģP Model of TQM: focuses on three pillars to raise the quality level: (1) People: satisfying internal and external customers, the employees and consumers (2) Product: meeting specifications and expectations (3) Process: must be capable and continuously improving.ģD – Dirt, Danger, Defect: causes malfunction in a product or system or deviations from the acceptable standard.ģL – 3 Losses: (1) waste, (2) strain, (3) variability they are called “3M” in Japan.ģM – Muda, Muri, Mura: the Japanese terms for waste, strain and variability, equivalent to the 3L.ĤM/6M/10M Fishbone Categories: (1) Man, people (2) Machine (3) Material (4) Method (5) Management (6) Milieu or environment (7) Metrics (8) Mindpower (9) Money (10) Miscellaneous.ĥS: Process and system to achieve and maintain a safe, clean, and efficient work place: (1) Sort/Seiri: put things in order and remove what is not required (2) Straighten/Seiton: arrange systematically so things can be found when needed (3) Shine/Seiso: clean up from floor to ceiling, remove dirt and dust, and fix or replace broken items (4) Standardize/Seiketsu: mark locations, attach labels, install signs, implement checklists and procedures (5) Sustain/Shitsuke: teach people and make them commit to the process, audit regularly, guide and give feedback. See also Lean6 toolkit.Ģ Sample t Test: tests the hypothesis that the means of two samples are being equal. – Performance The 4 S’s (used in service industries):Ĭlick here to download our FREE Ishikawa Diagram (Cause and Effect) Template Excel Spreadsheet Example Combine this free template with other tools:Ĭlick here and learn more about Fishbone Ishikawa Diagram (asq.1 Sample Sign Test: use to estimate the population median and compare it to a target or reference value it tests the probability of a sample median to be equal to the hypothesized value: Ho: m1=m2=m3=m4 (null hypothesis), Ha: 1+ is different (alternate hypothesis). – Maintenance The 8 Ps (used in product marketing): – Mission / mother nature (purpose, environment) – Measurement / medium (inspection, environment) These have been expanded by some to include an additional three, and are referred to as the 8 Ms: – Man / mind power (physical or knowledge work, includes: kaizens, suggestions) – Material (includes raw material, consumables, and information) Typical categories include The 5 Ms (used in manufacturing): Each potential cause is traced back to find the root cause, often using the 5 Whys technique. ![]() To help structure the approach, the categories are often selected from one of the common models shown below, but may emerge as something unique to the application in a specific case. This methodology can be used on any type of problem, and can be tailored by the user to fit the circumstances. On a root cause analysis (RCA), after identifying potential root cause(s), further testing will be necessary to confirm the true root cause(s). The Fishbone chart is an initial step in the screening process. This diagram is used in process improvement methods to identify all of the contributing root causes likely to be causing a problem. Fishbone Diagram (also known as Ishikawa Diagram) can be used to answer the following questions that commonly arise in problem solving: What are the potential root causes of a problem? What category of process inputs represents the greatest source of variability in the process output?
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